Reversed is the opposite of forward, e.g. the order in which the symbols must be entered, changes: Forward (default) requires the symbols to be entered in the order in which they were shown. The results show a decremental effect of age on performance in all tasks and an ameliorative effect of education in all tasks except the Corsi span backwards. Depending on the selected mode, the target order, i.e. Here, we report normative data on the forward and backward versions of the Digit span and Corsi span tasks that was collected from 362 healthy Italians ranging in age from 20 to 90 years. Age-corrected scaled scores (ACSS) and raw. Administration is discontinued when both items from a given pair are failed. For both Digit Forward and Backward, each number is read at a rate of one per second. The backward versions of both tasks, in which sequences of items have to be reproduced in the reverse order, are believed to primarily tax Central Executive resources. For Digit Span Backward, the child repeats increasingly longer strings of numbers in reverse order of that presented aloud by the examiner. the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad for verbal and visuo-spatial data, respectively). Forward versions of these tasks, in which sequences of items of increasing length have to be reproduced in the order they were presented, are believed to primarily evaluate the functioning of the working memory material-specific slave systems (i.e. The Digit span and Corsi span tasks are frequently used to assess verbal and visuo-spatial short-term memory. Consistent with this suggestion, studies have revealed that backwards recall loads on to the same factor as working memory measures such as counting span and.
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